Stability: how stable a system is in its performance when there are changes made to it Testability: how much effort goes in testing the system. Portability: Ability of the system to adopt to changes in its environment Adaptability: how easily a system adapts to the changes made in specifications Installability: how easily a system can be installed.
Conformance: this is same as compliance in functionality. Replaceability: how easy it is to replace a component of the system in a given environment. Cost of Software Quality Cost of quality is important because when you decide to conduct software testing for your product you are actually going to invest your time, money and effort in getting quality checks done. By conducting an analysis of cost of software quality you would know what the return on that investment ROI is.
Cost of Software Quality. People often get confused between the two but there is a huge difference. While quality assurance is all about preventive activities, quality control focuses on corrective processes. Here is what you need to understand: software testing is a subset of quality control and quality control is a subset of quality assurance.
Theentire focus of Quality assurance is on implementation of processes and procedures that are required for the verification of the software under development and the requirements of the client.
Quality control on the other hand deals with actual activities that ensure that the product is being developed as per the defined requirements. It deals with all the actions that are important to control and verify certain characteristics of the product including testing. Examination and testing of the products is the most important aspect of quality control.
If there is an issue the quality control team has the authority to stop the production of that product till the issue is resolved. Audit comprises of some very systematic processes that define how the software testing is taking place in the organization. The audit team examines all the processes that are conducted at the time of testing.
IEEE defines audit as a review of documented processes to ensure that the organization or a team is following all the processes as per the defined standards. Inspection can be a formal or an informal review of software requirement, designer or code.
It is conducted by a team or an individual person other than the author to check if there are any violations or deviations from the defined development standards. What is Software Quality Assurance? Defect Management Approach Quality Attribute Approach on the other hand focuses on six quality characteristics that are listed below: Quality Attributes Approach 1.
Cost of Software Quality Cost of quality is calculated by analyzing the conformance costs and non conformance costs. A conformance cost is related to: Prevention costs: amount spent on ensuring that all quality assurance practices are followed correctly. That process covers more than just bad coding. Although each company has its own procedures and standards, these are the activities common to typical software quality assurance operations:.
We mentioned the SQA plan earlier, but it demands its own section because of its breadth of detail. The Software Quality Assurance Plan, known as SQAP, for short, makes up the procedures, techniques, and tools employed to ensure the product or service is in harmony with the requirements outlined in the software requirement specification. This technique involves QA professionals inspecting the work to see if all standards are followed. In-house and outside stakeholders meet to examine the product, make comments on what they find, and get approval.
This technique is a formal code review using static testing to find bugs and defects. This inspection requires a trained peer or mediator, not the original code author. The inspection is based on established rules, checklists, and entry and exit criteria.
This technique is a form of black-box testing where the QA person verifies what the system does without caring about how it got there. SQA team sets the checkpoints after specific time intervals in order to check the progress, quality, performance of software, and whether the software quality work is done on time as per the schedule and documents.
For a defect reported by QA and fixed by the developer, it is very important to retest the defect fix and to verify whether the fixed defect does not introduce new defects in the working software. For this, test metrics are maintained and observed by managers and developers to check for newly generated defects by the introduction of new functionality or the fix of any defect. One should not rely on a single testing approach and strategy for testing software.
Multiple testing strategies should be implemented in software so as to test it from different angles and cover all the areas. For an e-commerce website, security testing, performance testing, load testing, database testing all should be done to ensure a better quality of software.
It is important to keep all the records and documents of the QA and share them on time to time to stakeholders. Test cases executed, test cycles, defects logged, defects fixed, test cases created, change in requirements from a client for a specific test case, all should be properly documented for future reference. Managing good relations between the testers and developers plays an important role in the project. As the role of developer and tester contradict each other but this should not be taken on a personal level.
The main aim of both teams should be the delivery of good quality projects with minimum risks of failure. This includes finding ways how the SQA will work in the new project in the most effective way.
Think of SQA strategies, software engineering processes that could be implemented as per the project requirements, and the individual skills of team members. This assures that the commitment of the project has been defined clearly regarding the time estimation, clarification of customer requirements, total budget of the project, evaluation of development risks, total staff required for that particular project. It also assures that development and quality plans have been clearly defined.
This component includes the review, expert opinions, software testing, software maintenance components. In the project development life cycle, it includes components like reviews, expert opinions, and finding defects in software design and programming, whereas in the software maintenance life cycle it includes specializing in maintenance components and development life cycle components for enhancing maintenance tasks. This class includes software quality metrics, software quality costs, which includes control of maintenance and development activities, and the introduction of managerial involvement in order to reduce the risk of quality, schedule, and budget in the project.
The main objective of this class is the utilization of professional international knowledge, which helps in the coordination between the different organization quality systems at a professional level.
Several organizations, national and international institutes are involved in the development of SQA standards. The below mentioned are the main organizations and institutes involved in it :. It assures that organizations achieve an acceptable quality of software. They focus on methodologies that must be implemented in software development and maintenance.
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